來自歐洲煤礦浴場的傳統理念丨扎布熱煤礦綜合體改造項目合作

扎布熱Queen Luiza煤礦綜合體

Chain Bath in Queen Luiza Coal Mine Complex in Zabrze / Konior Studio + OVO Gr?bczewscy Architekci

來自建筑事務所的描述：波蘭扎布熱的“Queen Luiza”煤礦于1791年開挖，一直到1998年，這里都是歐洲最大、最具現代化的礦井。作為一家國營礦山，它受益于政府的高額補貼，這不僅體現在生產領域的大量投資的項目合作。其中一個例子便是建造于1890年的礦井浴室，?a?nia是采礦區的第一個實施方案，這也代表了社會基礎設施的最高水準，其建造標準遠遠超過了當時的社會一般要求。這是一座宏偉的磚石建筑，其柱廊位于城市的主要街道上，高達10米，是這座建筑的代表，在后來的修復中，建筑師仍然保留了原有建筑的劃分方式，并且保留了主要功能空間、結構要素，以及部分的原有設備。

Text description provided by the architects. The "Queen Luiza" mine in Zabrze began operating in 1791 and practically throughout its entire existence, ie until 1998, it was considered one of the largest and most modern in Europe. Being a state mine, it benefited from high government subsidies, which resulted in large investments not only in the sphere of production. An example of such development was the construction of a mine bathhouse, which was erected in 1890. ?a?nia was the first such implementation in Upper Silesian mining and was the best testimony to the level of the social facility, which was far ahead of the standards of that time. A magnificent, brick building with a basilica layout, 10 m high, located just off the main street of the city, is a characteristic feature of the architecture of this part of Zabrze. The object maintained the original division of the main rooms, structural elements and part of the original equipment.

當前，這座修復建筑將主要用于游客的參觀，因此建筑師需要很好地處理交通狀況，同時也兼具美食、文化等功能。這里是Queen Luiza煤礦綜合體的一大主要旅游線路。從原有建筑的角度來說，要吸引到游客，首先其綜合體自身具有一定的吸引力，例如Main Key Heritage Herons。另外，建筑的室內空間也能夠用作舉辦展覽和文化活動，為了適應新功能，建筑中也許會舉辦一些當代展覽、游覽活動、音樂會、戲劇表演等其他文藝活動。

At present, the revitalized building will perform tourist functions (handling visitors' traffic), gastronomic (restaurant) and cultural functions. It was designated as the first element of the future tourist route in the Queen Luiza Mine complex. It is from the sight of the chain bath that the tourists will start exploring the complex with its attraction, ie the Main Key Heritage Herons. In addition, the interior of the building is an excellent space for organizing exhibition and cultural activities. Thanks to its adaptation to new functions, the Museum has the possibility to organize various temporary exhibitions, vernissages, concerts, theater performances and other cultural events in ?a?nia.

為了更好的復興建筑，項目原先的浴室也進行了翻新，建筑的磚石立面經過清理，磚石結構也經過重新加固，根據專業遺產保護人員的建議，修復工人運用顏色尺度相類似的磚對建筑的墻身進行了修復，建筑師在建筑東南側還進行了小規模的加建，加建部分所使用的材料也與原有建筑幾乎一致。另外，建筑墻體還經過了全面的防潮保溫處理，其門窗洞口框架全部換成了鋁制品。建筑的外部大門則由鋁板、玻璃面板構成，取代了已損壞了的木制品和金屬制品。在屋頂的翻新過程中，建筑師運用了全新的木制元素，并且對建筑結構框架也進行了修復和部分重建。在東部擴建部分完成之后，那里成為了建筑的主要入口，人們通過位于Wolno?ci街道一側的樓梯和殘疾人坡道可以直接進入建筑。建筑師在原有建筑的西側也進行了擴建，擴建部分的周邊區域則設置了一些諸如休息長椅、照明燈具等小物件。

As part of the revitalization, the building of the former chain bath has been thoroughly renovated. The brick fa?ades of the building were cleaned, the brick structure was strengthened, cavities were supplemented using a brick that was color-coordinated and dimensionally in accordance with conservation recommendations. The newly designed parties at the south-east annex were made of a bricks different from the material remaining in the historic part of the building. Comprehensive damp-proof insulation of walls was carried out. The windows have been replaced with aluminum with identical polygon ironwork. The outer doors were also aluminum, glazed, multi-track, instead of modern, damaged wooden and metal. The roof was renovated, new wooden parts were made where necessary. The construction of the rafter framing required renovation and partial reconstruction. After the expansion of the eastern extension, the building gained here the main entrance - through the stairs with access from Wolno?ci street and after the ramp for disabled people available from the internal entrance and parking square. At the second, existing entrance from the side of Wolno?ci street, new external stairs appeared on the sidewalk. The western extension was also rebuilt. The area around the building received elements of small architecture (benches, lighting).

如果要在原有建筑中結合博物館及文化中心的功能，那么就需要對室內空間進行重新排布。首先是空間的分隔，建筑師在非承重區直接運用石膏面板進行分割，主要的墻體則仍然運用磚石材料。在美食文化部分，建筑師甚至設計了夾層空間。在曾經用于淋浴的房間、入口門廳，以及美食文化的部分區域中，石制地板和部分鐵制支柱得以保留。建筑的屋面由桁架結構構成。原先的淋浴設施現在則用于空間的裝飾，另外還結合有一些特殊設備。原有的更衣室及其附屬空間、結合支撐結構的水箱、淋浴設施、休閑座椅的金屬元素都經過重新清理，將老舊的涂漆去除，而那些被損壞的部件也被重新修復。

The introduction of new museum and cultural functions required appropriate interior arrangements. There was a need to insulate the interior (except the wall in the room with showers), which resulted in the walls being built up with plaster surfaces. The main internal walls were left as brick. In the gastronomic part a mezzanine was built. Stoneware floors have been preserved or restored in a room with showers, in the entrance vestibule and partly in the gastronomic section. Cast-iron construction pillars were maintained. Suspended ceilings are used however, they reveal roof truss structures partly within the nave. The visible decking of the ceiling was preserved in part with showers. The original equipment of the bathhouse was preserved. The design of the chain locker room, the chains themselves and the containers hung on them, the water tank with the supporting structure, showers and metal elements of the benches were cleaned and old painting layers were removed from them. Damaged and missing wooden seats have been recreated.

修復波蘭煤礦浴場這一重點項目，建筑師將原有設備部分保留，并面向游客開放，讓人們能夠更好地了解到19世紀末大型國有工業工廠的普遍狀況。

The revitalization of the only historic bathhouse in Polish coal mining, which partly maintained the original equipment and is made available to visitors, allows to learn the social conditions prevailing at the end of the 19th century in a large, state-owned industrial plant.

浴室空間是游客參觀之旅的開始，接下來人們將逐步欣賞到扎布熱煤礦綜合體的各個場所區域。這座傳統建筑集展覽、活動、戲劇表演、音樂會等功能于一體，而其地下礦車參觀區域也即將開放。

The bathhouse serves as the starting point for tourist who will see the whole complex of coal mines in Zabrze. Right now it functions as a place for exhibitions, events, theater plays, concerts. In April the whole Main Key Heritage Herons should be ready for underground boat tours.

項目概述：

在該項目中最為重要的部分便是在保證磚石立面不改變，保證墻身隔熱的前提下，盡可能地滿足更多功能需求。建筑師的解決策略便是通過輕質混凝土混合模塊作為內置隔熱材料，同時為內部墻面刷上白漆，既與磚石外墻相互襯托，也讓人們更好地聚焦空間內的展品。

Product Description:

One of the most important things in this project was to fulfill all the demands as fas as thermal insulation is concerned while keeping the brick facades without any changes. The solution was to use the ytong multipor blocks as inner insulation. Painted white it helped to achieve “the white box” effect inside the building, as a contrast to brick facades and a logical proposal for exhibition space.

建筑設計：Konior Studio + OVO Gr?bczewscy Architekci

地點：波蘭，扎布熱

主創建筑師：Barbara Gr?bczewska, Oskar Gr?bczewski, Tomasz Konior, collaboration: Katarzyna Kunsdorff, Marta Musia?, Ewa Stelmach

面積：1266.0 m2

項目時間：2016年

攝影：Tomasz Zakrzewski

建造商：Ytong, mmcite, Baumit, Viabizzuno

Architects: Konior Studio + OVO Gr?bczewscy Architekci

Location: Zabrze, Poland

Architect in Charge: Barbara Gr?bczewska, Oskar Gr?bczewski, Tomasz Konior, collaboration: Katarzyna Kunsdorff, Marta Musia?, Ewa Stelmach

Area: 1266.0 m2

Project Year: 2016

Photographs: Tomasz Zakrzewski

Manufacturers: Ytong, mmcite, Baumit, Viabizzuno